ABSTRACT
The authors describe a patient with a background of metastatic small cell prostate cancer who presented with a rapidly evolving sensorimotor neuropathy with bulbar features closely resembling Guillain-Barré syndrome, with a good initial response to intravenous immunoglobulins and platinum-based chemotherapy. This represented a likely paraneoplastic manifestation of the patient's urological malignancy.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Small Cell , Guillain-Barre Syndrome , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases , Prostatic Neoplasms , Male , Humans , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/diagnosis , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiology , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Small Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Small Cell/drug therapy , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/drug therapy , Autoantibodies , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Prostatic Neoplasms/complications , Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapyABSTRACT
We reported a 61-year-old man presented with 10-month progressing left sciatic neuropathy and 10-day right facial neuropathy. Serum amphiphysin-IgG was positive. 18F-FDG PET/CT of the whole body showed no signs of malignancy. Treatment with plasma exchange and oral prednisone relieved the symptoms. Nine months later, right hemiparesis and seizure of right limbs developed. 18F-FDG and 18F-PBR06 (18 kDa translocator protein, TSPO) radioligand PET/MRI of the whole body revealed intense uptake in the intracranial lesions. Intracranial lymphoma was diagnosed by stereotactic needle brain biopsy. Mononeuropathies could be paraneoplastic syndromes. TSPO shows high uptake in intracranial lymphoma on 18F-PBR06 PET images.
Subject(s)
Central Nervous System Neoplasms , Facial Nerve Diseases , Lymphoma , Sciatic Neuropathy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain/immunology , Facial Nerve Diseases/etiology , Facial Nerve Diseases/immunology , Facial Nerve Diseases/therapy , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Radiopharmaceuticals , Receptors, GABA/metabolism , Sciatic Neuropathy/etiology , Sciatic Neuropathy/immunology , Sciatic Neuropathy/therapy , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/complications , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/immunology , Autoimmune Diseases/etiology , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Lymphoma/complications , Lymphoma/diagnostic imaging , Lymphoma/immunology , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiology , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/immunology , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Plasma Exchange , Nerve Tissue Proteins/immunologyABSTRACT
We describe the first case of anti-CV2 paraneoplastic polyneuropathy associated with lung adenocarcinoma. Our patient presented with progressive unsteadiness and numbness involving bilateral upper and lower limbs. He had symmetrical length-dependent lower motor neuron pattern of weakness and numbness involving both small and large fibres with prominent sensory ataxia. An extended workup for the polyneuropathy involving a serum paraneoplastic antineuronal antibody panel showed a positive reaction for anti-CV2 antibody. CT scan of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis revealed a right upper lung nodule and histopathological examination of the nodule revealed lung adenocarcinoma. He was scheduled for chemotherapy following his discharge and there was improvement of his sensorimotor polyneuropathy following his chemotherapy.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma of Lung , Lung Neoplasms , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy , Male , Humans , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiology , Hypesthesia , Adenocarcinoma of Lung/complications , Motor Neurons/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , AutoantibodiesABSTRACT
A 49-year-old man presented with progressive asymmetric weakness and pain. Electrodiagnostic tests and nerve biopsy suggested chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy refractory to immune-modulating therapy. The patient's symptoms were aggravated, and he was finally diagnosed with T-cell lymphoma based on the findings of the second 18F-2 fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/CT performed 16 months after symptom onset. The patient received intravenous chemotherapy, but died 2 months later because of lymphoma progression. A clinical suspicion of neurolymphomatosis and early diagnosis are important for proper management.
Subject(s)
Graft vs Host Disease , Lymphoma, T-Cell , Neurolymphomatosis , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy , Graft vs Host Disease/complications , Humans , Lymphoma, T-Cell/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/diagnosis , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiology , Positron-Emission Tomography , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/adverse effectsABSTRACT
A 78-year-old woman experienced gait disturbance. She became unable to walk within a month. On admission, her cranial nerves were normal. She had motor weakness in the arms and legs, dysesthesia of the peripheral extremities, impaired deep sensation in the legs, and hyporeflexia in the arms and legs. She was initially diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome; therefore, she was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and steroid mini-pulse therapy, however improvements of her neurological deficits were minimal. Anti-Hu antibody was positive in serum and gallbladder carcinoma was detected. She was treated with chemotherapy but neurological symptoms worsened progressively. Gallbladder carcinoma can rarely cause anti-Hu associated paraneoplastic sensorimotor neuropathy.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Antinuclear , Antibodies, Neoplasm , Gallbladder Neoplasms , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy , Aged , Female , Gallbladder Neoplasms/complications , Gallbladder Neoplasms/therapy , Humans , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: SOX1 antibodies are generally associated with small cell lung cancer and anti-Hu antibody overlap is common. This case demonstrates isolated anti-SOX1 antibodies with an uncommon tumor type, and relapse of a paraneoplastic syndrome with recurrence of tumor. METHODS: We describe a case of a 65-year-old male with a paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy and anti-SOX1 antibody positivity in the context of a prior male breast Grade 2 ductal carcinoma, in remission at the time of the initial neurological presentation. RESULTS: Treatment response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) was demonstrated. After period of clinical stability on IVIg in the context of remission of breast carcinoma, the patient experienced a relapse of his neuropathy. This was associated with tumor recurrence and again responded to tumor excision, radiotherapy and IVIg. INTERPRETATION: Male breast carcinoma has not previously been associated with anti-SOX1 antibody positive paraneoplastic neuropathy.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms, Male/complications , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/complications , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/drug therapy , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiology , SOXB1 Transcription Factors/immunology , Aged , Autoantibodies/immunology , Autoantigens/immunology , Humans , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Male , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/immunologyABSTRACT
A 67-year-old woman with a history of smoking and cardiovascular risk factors was admitted to the emergency room for uncontrolled diabetes, loss of appetite, nausea, significant weight loss and asthenia. The initial investigation, including cerebral and gastrointestinal explorations, were normal. One month later, she started presenting severe asymmetric proprioceptive ataxia of the lower extremities. She also reported paresthesia and neuropathic pain in both feet and ankles. A positron emission tomography (PET)-scanner showed a hypermetabolic nodule in the right lung. The neurological symptoms were attributed to paraneoplastic sensory and dysautonomic neuropathy, even though the bronchoscopic biopsies came back negative at first. Anti-Hu, anti-CV2/CRMP5 and anti-SOX1 antibodies were documented. Due to the severity and rapid progression of symptoms (from the lower to the upper limbs), corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins and immunosuppressants were introduced prior to biopsies revealing a small-cell lung cancer. Despite these treatments and antineoplastic chemotherapy, her status deteriorated rapidly.
Subject(s)
Lung Neoplasms , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma , Aged , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Autoantibodies/blood , Fatal Outcome , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/diagnosis , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiology , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/therapy , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/complications , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/diagnosis , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/therapySubject(s)
Demyelinating Diseases/etiology , Demyelinating Diseases/therapy , Heart Neoplasms/complications , Myxoma/complications , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiology , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/therapy , Aged , Female , Heart Neoplasms/surgery , Humans , Myxoma/surgery , Neurologic Examination , Quadriplegia/etiology , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Ataxia , Gait Disorders, Neurologic , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/pharmacology , Immunologic Factors/pharmacology , Mediastinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/diagnosis , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy , Sensation Disorders , Adult , Ataxia/diagnosis , Ataxia/drug therapy , Ataxia/etiology , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/diagnosis , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/drug therapy , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/etiology , Humans , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage , Male , Mediastinal Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/complications , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/diagnosis , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/drug therapy , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiology , Sensation Disorders/diagnosis , Sensation Disorders/drug therapy , Sensation Disorders/etiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Currently, radical surgery with D2 lymphadenectomy has become the standard operation mode of patients in East Asian countries who suffer from resectable gastric cancer. Our target is to compare the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 versus SOX/XELOX regimens for gastric cancer after D2 resection. METHODS: We selected 186 patients with gastric cancer who underwent D2 resection in Hangzhou First People's Hospital and Hangzhou Cancer Hospital from June 2014 to June 2017. All patients were followed up for more than 3 years. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS), and the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and toxicity. RESULTS: The 3-year DFS of monotherapy group and combined group were, respectively, 50.7% and 64.0%, while the 3-year OS were, respectively, 62.7% and 71.2%. The 3-year DFS and OS of the combined group were higher than the monotherapy group, but the differences had no statistical significance (3-year DFS: P = 0.071; 3-year OS: P = 0.224). Subgroup analysis showed that the DFS of patients with stage III gastric cancer in monotherapy group was significantly lower than the combined group, with the difference that had statistical significance (P = 0.030), while there was no significant difference in OS (P = 0.186). Most toxic and side effects seen in both groups had no significant differences, while the incidence of hand-foot syndrome and peripheral neurotoxicity in combined group was significantly higher than that in the monotherapy group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: For patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent D2 resection, compared with S-1 regimen, there is prolonged disease-free survival trend with SOX/XELOX regimen, while there is no significant overall survival benefit.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Capecitabine , Gastrectomy/methods , Oxaloacetates , Oxonic Acid , Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy , Tegafur , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Capecitabine/administration & dosage , Capecitabine/adverse effects , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods , China/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Disease-Free Survival , Drug Combinations , Female , Hand-Foot Syndrome/epidemiology , Hand-Foot Syndrome/etiology , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Oxaloacetates/administration & dosage , Oxaloacetates/adverse effects , Oxonic Acid/administration & dosage , Oxonic Acid/adverse effects , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/epidemiology , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiology , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Tegafur/administration & dosage , Tegafur/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The case of a 17-year-old man with Hodgkin's lymphoma who presented with paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy is presented. The patient visited our hospital because of acute progression of dysesthesiae in the bilateral face and extremities. He also developed an ataxic gait due to decreased deep sensation. Post-contrast T1-weighted MRI showed enhancement of both trigeminal nerves and the cauda equina. Cerebrospinal fluid examination was unremarkable. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and subsequent steroid pulse therapy did not improve his symptoms. Laboratory data showed an elevated serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor level. His chest X-ray and CT showed enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum, and the histopathologic examination of a lymph node biopsy specimen showed classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. He was treated with chemotherapy. His symptoms of neuropathy improved promptly while the lymphoma was being successfully treated, and he was able to walk with a cane. The present case was characterized by paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy as the initial clinical feature in association with Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is necessary to consider a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome even in a young patient with acute/subacute sensory neuropathy. Paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma could be expected to improve with oncotherapy, and examination of the malignancy and early treatment are important.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Hodgkin Disease/complications , Hodgkin Disease/drug therapy , Mediastinal Neoplasms/complications , Mediastinal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/drug therapy , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiology , Paresthesia/drug therapy , Paresthesia/etiology , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Ataxia/drug therapy , Ataxia/etiology , Bleomycin/administration & dosage , Dacarbazine/administration & dosage , Doxorubicin/administration & dosage , Hodgkin Disease/diagnosis , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Mediastinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome , Vinblastine/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The case is a 75-year-old female. She had dysesthesia in the distal extremities and truncal ataxia, and they had progressed in two months. Neurological examination revealed the findings of segmental dysesthesia in the distal extremities, impaired deep sensations in the trunk and four limbs, and painful legs and moving toes (PLMT). After workup, she was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer and her blood sample was positive for anti-Hu antibody. We concluded that her neurological symptoms were attributable to sensory neuronopathy associated with paraneoplastic syndrome. No cases with PLMT caused by paraneoplastic syndrome have been reported so far. She had chemotherapy to lung cancer and Duloxetine without improvement of PLMT. On the other hand, intravenous immunoglobulin treatment improved lightening pain in the toes without improvement of moving toes.
Subject(s)
Autoantibodies/blood , ELAV Proteins/immunology , Leg , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Movement Disorders/etiology , Pain/etiology , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiology , Paraneoplastic Syndromes/etiology , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/complications , Toes , Aged , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Ataxia/etiology , Duloxetine Hydrochloride/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Pain/drug therapy , Paresthesia/etiology , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/drug therapyABSTRACT
RATIONALE: Paraneoplastic syndrome is a very rare syndrome among prostate cancer patients. In particular, paraneoplastic sensorimotor neuropathy has never been reported as a complication of prostatic adenocarcinoma. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 75-year-old man who was diagnosed with prostatic adenocarcinoma with multiple metastases received cancer treatment. But, numbness and tingling sensations in both sides of the upper and lower limbs got progressively worse. DIAGNOSESE: He was diagnosed with positive anti-Hu antibodies paraneoplastic sensorimotor polyneuropathy caused by prostatic adenocarcinoma. INTERVENTIONS: The patient received physical therapy, occupational therapy, and opioid medication during 3 weeks at cancer rehabilitation department during 3 weeks. OUTCOMES: There was no improvement in functional outcome in this patient. But, the patient's neuropathic pain was improved by the use of opioid agents. LESSONS: This case report is the first to report anti-Hu antibody-positive paraneoplastic sensorimotor neuropathy in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Autoantibodies/blood , ELAV Proteins/immunology , Extremities , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy , Physical Therapy Modalities , Prostatic Neoplasms , Adenocarcinoma/complications , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/therapy , Aged , Antineoplastic Protocols , Extremities/innervation , Extremities/physiopathology , Feedback, Sensory , Humans , Male , Neoplasm Staging , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/blood , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiology , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/physiopathology , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/therapy , Prostatic Neoplasms/complications , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Carcinoma, Large Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/complications , Neoplasms, Unknown Primary/complications , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiology , Pruritus/etiology , Aged , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Large Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Large Cell/secondary , Carcinoma, Large Cell/therapy , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/secondary , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/therapy , Chronic Disease , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Neoplasms, Unknown Primary/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Unknown Primary/therapy , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/diagnosis , Pruritus/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are demyelinating, autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system. Typically, recurrent optic neuritis and longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis dominates the clinical picture. In most cases NMOSD are associated with autoantibodies targeting the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP-4). NMOSD usually present in young adults. Clinical findings suggestive of NMOSD in elderly patients should raise the suspicion of a paraneoplastic etiology. To our knowledge, we report the first case of a 66â¯year-old female patient with paraneoplastic NMOSD that is associated with squamous cell lung carcinoma. Anti-AQP-4 was present in both the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of the patient. However, immunhistological staining of the malignant tissue did not show presence of AQP-4 on the surface of tumour cells.
Subject(s)
Neuromyelitis Optica/therapy , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/therapy , Aged , Aquaporin 4/immunology , Autoantibodies/analysis , Autoantibodies/blood , Autoantibodies/cerebrospinal fluid , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neuromyelitis Optica/complications , Neuromyelitis Optica/diagnostic imaging , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/diagnostic imaging , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiology , Smoking , Spine/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Delirium in patients with cancer is associated with poor outcomes, but reversible causes need to be ruled out. We report the case of a 59-year-old woman who was presented with behavioural and cognitive changes over 2â weeks. She was non-verbal and combative, requiring involuntary admission and declaration of incompetence to make healthcare treatment decisions. Infectious and metabolic investigations and initial brain imaging were unremarkable. She was diagnosed with limited-stage small cell lung cancer and a paraneoplastic neuropsychiatric syndrome. Owing to the patient's delirium, chemotherapy delivery required pharmacological and physical restraints. After 2 cycles of chemotherapy, she could participate in the decision process and was discharged home. She completed radical chemo-radiotherapy and has remained free of disease progression for 18â months. Paraneoplastic neuropsychiatric syndromes, although rare, are potentially treatable and need to be excluded as a cause of delirium.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Small Cell/complications , Delirium/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/diagnosis , Delirium/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiologyABSTRACT
Es muy difícil estimar la prevalencia del dolor neuropático ya que la mayoría de los estudios que evalúan el dolor crónico no diferencian el nociceptivo del neuropático. Aún más complicado es obtener información de estudios que aborden específicamente el dolor neuropático en ancianos y más concretamente en población oncológica. En esta revisión no sistemática se analizan los artículos más relevantes acerca de la prevalencia y etiopatogenia del dolor oncológico neuropático en el anciano (AU)
The prevalence of neuropathic pain is difficult to estimate as most studies evaluating chronic pain do not differentiate neuropathic from nociceptive pain. There are only a few studies of neuropathic pain in the elderly, specifically in the oncology population. This article is a non-systematic review of the relevant evidence on the prevalence and aetiopathogenesis of neuropathic cancer pain in the elderly (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/epidemiology , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/etiology , Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy/pathology , Pain/epidemiology , Pain/etiology , Pain/pathology , Cytotoxins/therapeutic use , Neuralgia/drug therapy , Chronic Pain/etiology , Chronic Pain/pathology , Proprioception , AlgorithmsABSTRACT
Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of rare disorders involving non-metastatic systemic effects accompanying malignancies, and occur remotely from the tumor itself. Chronic pruritus lasting more than 6 weeks can be from paraneoplastic origin. A 65-year-old woman was admitted for generalized pruritus lasting for 1 month, despite treatment with prednisolone, levocetirizine and hydroxyzine. General examination was normal. Biological data and gastroscopy were normal. One month later, the patient was readmitted for worsening of her pruritus and walking impairment, revealing a severe sensory neuropathy. Blood anti-Hu antibodies returned positive at a level of 400 (normal <100). Bronchoscopy and bronchial biopsies revealed small-cell lung carcinoma. To our knowledge, the association of generalized pruritus and paraneoplastic neuropathy has been rarely reported. Our observation raises the question of a pathophysiological continuum between pruritus and neuropathy in a paraneoplastic context.